Neurological Disorders Diagnostics: Causes, Symptoms, Risk Factors, and Treatment
Neurological disorders are conditions that affect the central and peripheral nervous systems. The central nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord, while the peripheral nervous system includes nerves that connect the central nervous system to every other part of the body. Some common examples of neurological disorders are Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, migraines, and stroke.
Causes of Neurological Disorders
There can be many different underlying causes of neurological disorders. Some key causes include:
Genetics - Some Neurological Disorders Diagnostics have a genetic component, meaning they run in families and a person may be genetically predisposed. Examples include Huntington's disease, hereditary spastic paraplegia, and certain inherited forms of epilepsy.
Injury or trauma - Physical damage to the brain, spinal cord, or nerves from injuries like blows to the head, vertebral injuries, or lack of oxygen can trigger neurological problems. Strokes, which occur when blood flow to the brain is disrupted, are a common cause of neurological issues stemming from physical injury or trauma.
Infections - Viruses, bacteria, parasites, or other pathogens can directly invade the nervous system and cause issues. Examples include encephalitis, meningitis, neurosyphilis, and some forms of peripheral neuropathy.
Autoimmune disease - When the immune system mistakes parts of the nervous system as foreign and attacks them. Multiple sclerosis is the best-known neurological autoimmune condition.
Toxins - Exposure to toxins like heavy metals, pesticides, or industrial chemicals has been linked to some neurological disorders.
Neurodegenerative diseases - Conditions driven by the abnormal buildup of proteins in the brain that damage or kill neurons over time. Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease are common examples.
Tumors - Benign or cancerous growths that develop in or compress areas of the nervous system.
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