Synthetic Biology: Engineering Life Itself

Synthetic biology is an emerging field that applies engineering principles to biological systems. The goal is to design and build novel biological functions and systems that do not already exist in nature. Synthetic biologists view organisms as biological machines that can be redesigned in a rational, engineering way. By understanding the biological parts and devices that go into living organisms, synthetic biologists hope to reprogram life at the molecular level.

Early advances in Synthetic Biology included engineering bacteria to produce biofuels, pharmaceuticals, and other useful compounds. Synthetic biologists created novel genetic circuits and programmed cells to sense their environment, make decisions, and respond in predetermined ways. Much of the early work focused on engineering model organisms like E. coli and yeast. More recently, synthetic biologists have started to engineer mammalian and plant cells as well.

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